AIT vs OIT

1. y-haplogroups
- 1.1. A, B: African tribes
2. genetics summary

Also published on Twitter

Talking about “AIT vs OIT” in the current year is like talking “Keynes vs Hayek” in 2024.

These are both very broad and dated “narratives”, while the science has advanced to much more precise questions:

What were the culture, language of the IVC?
Where and when did steppe autosomal DNA enter the Indian genome?
Where and when did the R1a Y-haplogroup enter the Indian genome? Was it already present in IVC?
Northern vs Southern Arc
When was RV composed?

In some sense the AIT is an “accidental discovery”, because its original motivations are actually false:

Civilization was not introduced to India from the Steppe
The “Caucasoid phenotype” was not introduced to India from the Steppe, plenty of Telugus with <10% Steppe ancestry have it.
Iranians migrated to Iran from Afg/Punjab, not the other way around.

Possibly other such “motivations”, like “IVC has no horses/weapons, is urban unlike Rig-Vedic people” will also be shown to be wrong.

But none of this matters to actual object-level questions like why Indians have an excess of Steppe ancestry compared to the IVC.

1. y-haplogroups

1.1. A, B: African tribes

1.1.1. Q: Siberians -> Native American, some Pamir groups

1.1.2. K, M, S: Philippines, Melanesian, Micronesian

1.1.3. E-M2: Niger-Congo (Bantu)

1.1.4. E-M215: Afro-asiatic

1.1.5. J1: Arabian

1.1.6. J2: Caucasus

1.1.7. R1a: Indo-Aryan, Slavic

1.1.8. R1b: Western European

1.1.9. R2: scattered north Indian isolates

1.1.10. C: Eastern Steppe

1.1.11. N: Siberian tribals

1.1.12. O1a: Austronesian

1.1.13. O1b: Austroasiatic, Korean, Japanese

1.1.14. O2: Sino-Tibetan, Kra-dai, Hmong

1.1.15. H: AASI

1.1.16. L: Iran_N/IVC

1.1.17. D: Tibeto-Burman, Japan, Andamanese

2. genetics summary

Published on Twitter by @anupampom

Thoughts and Some plots on Aryan Migration post New Developments Will Add to this thread..

pic 1. summary pic2 Steppe/Indus/Ancestral component by caste pic3: Steppe by subcaste

The Steppe/Aryan component by caste

The Steppe/Aryan component by Varna system

Ths Science is often abused by those who dont know it to their ends. Here is a propaganda piece by @TheEconomist which is refuted by original author of the study.

https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/04/05/a-new-study-squelches-a-treasured-theory-about-indians-origins

Basically @TheEconomist claims Aryans were intruders, sanskrit and vedic religion were foreign none of which is suggested by this DNA study. Shame on you economist!

Summary estimates of our Ancestry..by percent..Most of us have Indus ancestry(~50%)..we are children of Sindh hence hindustan..DNA wise.

Here are summary estimates to North of Vindhyachal range,~North India (defined as higher than latitude 23.2)

Here are summary estimates to South of Vindhyachal range,~South India (defined as lower than latitude 23.2)

Here is a ternary plot of steppe,Indus and ancestral(AASI) ancestry by varna

A plot of Z score indicative of Steppe/Indus ratio in population .While Brahmins have high Steppe/Indus ratio,many OBC/SC communities have high ratio as well.

Let’s plot Steppe/Indus ancestry state-wise. (Might vary from expected due to communities being sampled) eg. Kerala has high Z score.

Tamil Nadu and chattisgarh have highest variation in Z scor eof communities.

The surge in reliable DNA data with carbon-dating has forced us to re-examine our archaeological and linguistic assumptions, in times all subject experts will have to come and talk and get rid of biases,,unlearn and learn in true spirit of vedas. in the interim here is what i make of it- most of us Indians are children of Indus valley by ancestry and part of this civilization, non of us can claim to be the “true” inhabitants,we all are migrants . With these findings, A tentative date for Aryan migration emerges between 1500-2000 BC(if seen with indology texts), however some scholars have pointed out 2 source of anomaly a)Rig Veda describes Saraswati river which dried up around (2500 BC).

astronomical findings described in Rig veda go to earlier dates ~2500-3000 BC
Some archaeology findings dont match with these dates.

So there is an ongoing debate about how to resolve these anomalies in text/data -via multiple migrations or other mechanisms