Taxonomy of Conspiracy Theories ⭐
Table of Contents
TL;DR. Types I (misattributive), II (marxist), III (tribalist), IV (big-brain) are all wrong, while Types V (regular), VI (contrarian) are plausible.
1. Type I. Misattributive conspiracy theories.
Inability to understand organic co-ordination/emergent behaviour (e.g. invisible hand of the market, openly communicating mass-movements, social media algorithms) and mistaking them for conspiracies.
E.g.
- “Leftism is the work of the Deep State/CIA/CCP”
- “conspiracy to spread anti-India propaganda on X”
- “modern architecture is a conspiracy”
2. Type II. Marxist conspiracy theories.
Denying the nature of organic co-ordination, i.e. postulating a conspiracy which is impossible due to the nature of markets if you understand basic economics (competition, free-rider problems etc.)
Most Marxist “theory” fits into this. E.g.
- “corporations manufacture consent”
- “corporations artificially suppress wages to create labor surplus”
- “pharma companies won’t cure cancer because then they can’t profit off treatment”
- “corporations spread wokeness to deflect from anti-rich sentiment”
3. Type III. Tribalist conspiracy theories.
Falsely imagining capacity for organic co-ordination because you think of racial groups as monoliths with uniform interests (which would allow for such seamless co-ordination)
E.g.
- “the Jews” _
- “the Brahmins” instituted the caste system/cleverly designed this and that to benefit themselves
- “Indians vote RW at home but cynically support Democrats in America”
- “Whites did colonialism but lecture India about human rights”
4. Type IV. Big-braining/crackpot conspiracy theories.
Pointlessly postulating bizarre complexity with no basis in reality, to tell yourself you’re so much smarter than everyone else or have uncovered something nobody has thought of.
♪ From Stegosaurus Age, there was a Club that controlled us in our souls ♪ ♪ They keep us in line tell us to do all the time and they hold us by our balls ♪ ♪ And over thousands of millennia passing, they put us through different events ♪ ♪ Gave us cancer, and 9/11, and the plague and then fucked us in the ass ♪ ♪ Now the whole wide world is run by homo frogs ♪ ♪ that are controlled by forces far beyond me ♪ ♪ God is now part of the league ♪ ♪ under Muhammad Ali ♪ ♪ Wanna know why it all be? ♪ ♪ Just follow the oil money ♪
5. Type V. Regular conspiracy theories.
Normal conspiracy theories about the actions of individuals or centralized organizations (as opposed to theories about decentralized movements, i.e. Type II, which are always false).
Perfectly possible—can be true, can be false. Governments do secret projects all the time. If they can do the Manhattan project there’s no reason they can’t kill Jeffrey Epstein. In fact, as one learns from the Arthaśāstra, conspiracies are the very basis of statecraft.
The vehement no-questions-asked insistence of the Western ideological aether that such things are impossible (with even conservatives saying things like “conspiracy theories are impossible, because government sucks at everything”) is one of the things that opened my eyes to the fact that the adults in the room are retarded.
Examples:
- “CIA killed Homi Bhabha”
- “US & China govt covered up the origins of COVID”
- “the NSA is spying on Americans” (before Snowden confirmed it)
- “Democrats are threatening tech companies to censor conservatives” (before Musk/Zuckerberg etc. confirmed it)
- “US did the regime change in Bangladesh” (before the installation of Yunus confirmed it)
Such theories should be judged based on their merits and not dismissed for being conspiracy theories.
It is important to have a good model of the said individual/org’s morality when evaluating such theories. E.g. I can perfectly imagine CIA agents justifying the killing of Homi Bhabha to themselves, I cannot imagine them justifying 9/11 to themselves (when there are people with much more compatible motives).
6. Type VI. Contrarian theories.
These are just theories that dispute widely-held beliefs. They have nothing to do with postulating conspiracies, but are falsely labelled as conspiracy theories by Modian-brained libs* who live in the world of social dynamics: when you make a factual claim, they see it in terms of “oh, you’re disagreeing with the EXPERTS? then you must think the experts are lying!”
Again perfectly plausible: could be true, could be false (and often are true—every advancement in science is in some sense an instance of a Type VI theory turning out to be true.)
Examples:
- “anthropogenic climate change is fake”
- “variolation would have solved COVID early”
- “lockdowns will be an economic disaster and will not slow the spread of COVID” (before reality confirmed it)
- “post-1970s Indology is mostly rubbish”
- “most things the media says is wrong”
- “the earth goes around the sun” (before it became consensus)
- “the earth is flat”
Perhaps Contrarian isn’t even the right descriptor, because sometimes the Consensus™ view actually is the contrarian view but falsely presented as mainstream. This is the case in e.g. physics academia, where smiling media-savvy physicists form the Cathedral’s Consensus though actual physicists disagree with them. Perhaps “anti-Consensus theories” or “anti-Ijma theories” would be better words.
*see the essay Mundia & Modia: The two worlds in which we live by @davidboxenhorn.